Multimedia design is the art of combining several types of media. It may be found in video games, information kiosks, websites, and a variety of other interactive applications. Careers in multimedia design are available in a variety of businesses, ranging from Madison Avenue advertising agencies to Hollywood production organizations.

To merge two or more forms of media, multimedia design demands both artistic and technical talents. It is perhaps most common on the Internet, where you could come across a web page that combines music, animation, and text. The advertising and marketing businesses have embraced the trend of utilising numerous types of media to reach a larger audience. Innovations in multimedia design are also benefiting industries such as video gaming and education.

The Value of Multimedia

Multimedia is a combination of the words multi and media. The original twofold definition of media (medium) is one that stores information on items such as discs, CDs, tapes, semiconductor memory, and others. The second type of transmission is the transfer of information carriers such as numbers, text, music, images, and so on. As a result, the related phrase and multimedia are a single media, and the media is physically compounded by a single media. Multimedia includes everything you view and listen to. It has pictures, audio, sound, text, and other elements. This is often recorded and played back, displayed, or accessed by information content processing equipment such as computers and electronic gadgets.

Multimedia can be stored, communicated, shown, and interpreted in several ways. In other words, it is an effective mode of communication. Multimedia plays a significant part in today’s culture since everything has to stay up with the times. Multimedia is a fantastic technique for communicating since it is simple to communicate and comprehend what others are saying.

Multimedia’s Impact

1) The influence of multimedia on children under the age of ten: This is also regarded as the most learning age in a child’s life. The toddler absorbs practically everything he sees or hears from his surroundings. As a result, multi-media training improves a child’s cognitive learning, reactivity to the environment, and understanding of more complicated concepts than previously. However, this strategy works in a good way if and only if the material supplied to a youngster is favourable. A substantial quantity of data was lost before expressing it owing to the youngster’s lack of imagination because the child had never seen the notion visually before.

2) In terms of e-learning: E-learning is presently the most cost-effective and efficient method of learning. Multimedia is extremely significant in the realm of Internet-based learning for communication. For example, in order to master a computer program, we must first understand its fundamentals. The most significant method of communication is multimedia teaching, which takes the shape of a website or tutorials. The optimal situation for this sort of learning approach is distant learning.

When compared to the traditional chalk and speech technique, digital learning is faster. At least two mediums are used to offer training via tutorials or web pages, for example. The visual component is video, and the audio component is human speech. When these two criteria are combined, this technique has the same, if not greater, impact than the instructor-to-student teaching system.

3) Influence on Social Media: When we engage with one another, we establish a society. It might be an impersonal or distant interaction. Human behaviour is strongly dependent on his way of thinking, and social behaviour is all he or she observes and learns from his or her surroundings. As a result, the human brain is heavily reliant on perceived information and prior experiences, the majority of which come from the media. So, can you see the broader picture now? It is a hierarchical structure in which each node is reliant on its parent node. The media governs the mind, and using many mediums is the greatest way to manage the media, because when you receive only a few inputs at a time, you are somewhat altered from it, but if you receive a lot of information at the same time, you are greatly affected by it.

4) The Effects of Multimedia on Adolescents: This is the age when a person’s character and personality are formed. The data that a human perceives from his surroundings is processed through an analysis phase. This analysis is based on prior knowledge, previous experiences, moral ideals, and personal interests. As a result, the medium of education and technique of delivery should be more responsible, because any alteration in human nature at this age is irreversible.

If a person sees and hears all positive and motivating behaviour through the means of information, he will work favourably and have a beneficial influence on society. However, if the technique and nature of the information are bad, the behaviour will be combative, inconsistent, and uninspired, and all of his/her talent, learning capacity, and everything will go to pot.

Where Should Multimedia Be Used?

1) Business – Presentation, training, marketing, advertising, product demos, catalogues, networked communication, and voicemail are all business applications for multimedia. The presentation is quite beneficial in many areas of business and life. Because they are essential in business for sales, training, teaching, lecturing, and generally entertaining a crowd. Presentation enables us to give public lectures and showcase our product or initiative to large groups of people. Oral, multimedia, PowerPoint presentations, instructional or training sessions, or simply giving a discussion on a subject to a group on a volunteer basis for enjoyment are all examples of presentations. This aims to make communication easier for small businesses and their workers, customers, and future customers.

We employ multimedia in corporate marketing to encourage clients to buy our items. Customers in business include teenagers, the elderly, and others. So, we may employ multimedia to make it easier for them to grasp. These are the most typical marketing methods for photo sharing.

2) School – Many schools are now using multimedia in their classroom instruction. This may take teaching and learning to the next level. Schools are urging instructors to employ multimedia in conjunction with their instruction in order to pique children’s interests. If they can activate various types of information, the body can absorb and retain knowledge more readily. Furthermore, integrating multimedia can assist in meeting the demands of students with different learning styles. The practical possibilities for using technology to improve teaching and learning are unlimited, but the learning curve of software and hardware is reducing. The best multimedia projects can give a way to actively engage students in the learning process.

Students, for example, can collaborate in groups to develop a digital movie production. Projects like these normally only interest students because they are significantly more personal than writing a paper, even though they may work more on the video project.

3) Public Place – Hotels, train stations, retail malls, museums, libraries, and grocery stores can be found in public spaces. We create multimedia in public spaces so that anyone may access it 24 hours a day, seven days a week. This is then routed to wireless devices like cell phones and PDS. Wireless is available anywhere and at any time, allowing consumers to conduct internet research at any time. This makes it easy for folks since they don’t have to travel back home because they can do so online. This can save time while also enriching one’s life.

4) Virtual Reality – Virtual reality is a multimedia extension that employs fundamental multimedia components such as visuals, sounds, and animations. Because it needs navigation feedback from a human, virtual reality may be considered interactive multimedia in its most comprehensive form. It is frequently used to refer to a wide range of applications that are typically associated with immersive, highly visual, and 3D settings. The simulation environment might be identical to the real world, as in pilot or military training, or it can be radically different, as in virtual reality gaming. This term will be slightly ahead of romantic interest. People tend to agree on wearing a suit with a virtual reality display and data.

Social media use can negatively affect teens, distracting them, disrupting their sleep, and exposing them to bullying, rumor spreading, unrealistic views of other people’s lives and peer pressure.

The risks might be related to how much social media teens use. A 2019 study of more than 6,500 12- to 15-year-olds in the U.S. found that those who spent more than three hours a day using social media might be at heightened risk for mental health problems. Another 2019 study of more than 12,000 13- to 16-year-olds in England found that using social media more than three times a day predicted poor mental health and well-being in teens.

Other studies also have observed links between high levels of social media use and depression or anxiety symptoms. A 2016 study of more than 450 teens found that greater social media use, nighttime social media use and emotional investment in social media — such as feeling upset when prevented from logging on — were each linked with worse sleep quality and higher levels of anxiety and depression.

How teens use social media also might determine its impact. A 2015 study found that social comparison and feedback seeking by teens using social media and cellphones was linked with depressive symptoms. In addition, a small 2013 study found that older adolescents who used social media passively, such as by just viewing others’ photos, reported declines in life satisfaction. Those who used social media to interact with others or post their own content didn’t experience these declines.

And an older study on the impact of social media on undergraduate college students showed that the longer they used Facebook, the stronger was their belief that others were happier than they were. But the more time the students spent going out with their friends, the less they felt this way.

Because of teens’ impulsive natures, experts suggest that teens who post content on social media are at risk of sharing highly personal photos or stories. This can result in teens being bullied, harassed or even blackmailed. Teens often create posts without considering these consequences or privacy concerns.

1. The word unique in line 5 is closest in meaning to

a) universal

b) unordinary

c) unsual

d) common

2. All of the following are mentioned in the text about Geona expect that it

a) was the source of the world jeans

b) is in Italy

c) has a different name i the French language

d) is a landclock city

3. The word denim is most probably derivered from

a) two French words

b) two Italian words

c) oe French word and one Italian word

d) four French words

4. It can be inferred from the text in order to develop the pants for which he became famous, Strauss did which of the following?

a) He studied tailring in Nimes.

b) He used an existing of materal.

c) He experimented with brown denim.

d) He tested pants for destructibility.

5. Where in the text does the author explain how Strauss’ first attempt at creating business with canvas turned out

a) Lines 10-12

b) Lines 14-16

c) Lines 17-18

d) Lines 19-23

Who is she?

Yayoi Kusama is a Japanese artist who is sometimes called ‘the princess of polka dots’. Although she makes lots of different types of art – paintings, sculptures, performances and installations – they have one thing in common, DOTS!

What’s with all the dots?

Yayoi Kusama tells the story of how when she was a little girl she had a hallucination that freaked her out. She was in a field of flowers when they all started talking to her! The heads of flowers were like dots that went on as far as she could see, and she felt as if she was disappearing or as she calls it ‘self-obliterating’ – into this field of endless dots. This weird experience influenced most of her later work.

By adding all-over marks and dots to her paintings, drawings, objects and clothes she feels as if she is making them (and herself) melt into, and become part of, the bigger universe. She said:

‘Our earth is only one polka dot among a million stars in the cosmos. Polka dots are a way to infinity. When we obliterate nature and our bodies with polka dots, we become part of the unity of our environment’.

She also creates environments of dots so that we can experience this feeling of self-obliteration too. She calls these rooms her ‘Infinity Rooms’, and creates them by installing hundreds of flashing coloured LED lights into mirrored rooms. The pinpricks of light in the dark room reflect endlessly in the mirrors, making you feel like you are in an apparently endless space. The dots surround and engulf you…it’s very hard to tell where you end and where the rest of the room begins!

How did she start?

Yayoi was born in Japan in 1929. She loved drawing and painting and although her parents didn’t want her to be an artist, she was determined. When her mum tore up her drawings, she made more. When she could not afford to buy art materials, she used mud and old sacks to make art. This is a drawing she made of her mum when she was 10-years-old.

Eventually Yayoi Kusama persuaded her parents to let her go to art school and study painting.

In the late 1950s she moved to New York as lots of the most exciting art seemed to be happening there. It must have been a bit frightening arriving in a big city with such a different culture from what she knew. But she was determined to conquer New York. She later wrote about her feisty attitude: ‘I would stand up to them all with a single polka dot’.

She had the first of many exhibitions there in 1959. She met and inspired important artists including Donald Judd, Andy Warhol and Joseph Cornell, and her art was a part of exciting art developments such as pop art and minimalism. She was also one of the first artists to experiment with performance and action art.

As well as being an art pioneer, Yayoi Kusama put her creativity into other things including music, design, writing and fashion.

All conditionals – mixed conditionals, alternatives to if, inversion

Exercise 3

After watching the sweeping period drama Mary Queen of Scots, out December 7, you’ll think wistfully, “If only Mary Stuart (Saoirse Ronan) and Elizabeth I (Margot Robbie) could have got together for tea and scones. Perhaps this entire mess could’ve been avoided.” After all, the two rulers occupied the same lonely, powerful zenith. As unmarried women monarchs, they faced the same pressure to marry — not only to produce an heir, but to give their reign “masculine authority.”Throughout Mary Queen of Scots, the two rulers ache for companionship, and often wind up deeply disappointed as a result. Though the women, separated by geography and religious sect, expressed the desire to be allies, such connection was rendered impossible by their trusted advisors. History has flattened Mary and Elizabeth as rivals for the throne. Could their relationship have been anything but that? Maybe. To understand Elizabeth I and Mary, Queen of Scots’ relationship and claims to the throne, we’ll have to go back into the family tree.

How were Mary, Queen of Scots and Queen Elizabeth I related?

Long story short: Mary and Elizabeth were first cousins once removed through King Henry VII of England. Two of Henry VII’s eight children were Henry VIII Tudor and Margaret Tudor. Margaret went to Scotland and married James IV; their son, James V, had Mary with his second wife, Mary of Guise. Six days after Mary was born, King James V died, rendering her Queen of Scotland.Now, onto Elizabeth’s side of the family. Henry VIII succeeded his father, Henry VII, on the throne. Famously, Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church in Rome so he could marry Anne Boleyn after his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, did not produce a male heir (they had a daughter, Mary, together). Henry VIII married Anne in a secret ceremony (then he went on to get married four more times). Anne Boleyn didn’t produce a male heir, either: Elizabeth was the only child of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Henry VIII later had Anne beheaded. Henry VIII finally had his much-desired male heir, Edward, with his third wife, Jane Seymour.

What were Mary and Elizabeth’s claims to the throne of England?

In 1558, Elizabeth finally became Queen of England and Ireland — though it was a dramatic path to the throne. Elizabeth’s half-brother, Edward I, was crowned King in 1547 when he was 9 years old. Edward, always a sickly boy, died at age 15. According to the preexisting succession plan, the throne was to go to Edward’s Protestant cousin Lady Jane Gray. Nine days after Jane took the throne, Elizabeth’s half-sister, Mary Tudor, had her executed and took the throne herself in what historian Anna Whitelock describes as “an extraordinary coup d’etat.” Mary enacted a violent campaign to turn England back into a Catholic country, earning herself the nickname Bloody Mary. Finally, after Mary’s death in 1558 at age 42, the throne went to Elizabeth, who was Protestant. But even that was contested. Catholics believed Elizabeth the product of an unlawful marriage, and thus not a legitimate heir to the throne.

Which brings us to Mary, the only surviving child of her father, King James V of Scotland. In Catholic eyes, after Mary Tudor’s death, there were no more rightful heirs that descended from King Henry VIII. To find an heir, one had to go back to Henry VII’s descendants — which made the Catholic Mary Stuart, not Elizabeth, the rightful successor to Mary Tudor’s throne. Mary refused to ratify the 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh, which would declare Elizabeth the uncontested monarch of England.

So, how did this get sorted out?

Bloodily. What else did you expect? In 1567, Mary Stuart was deposed from the throne of Scotland. She fled to England in 1568, expecting her cousin Elizabeth to provide protection. Instead, Elizabeth put her on house arrest. Nineteen years of captivity later, Mary was allegedly the focal point of various conspiracies to overthrow Elizabeth. On February 8, 1587, Mary was beheaded for treason.In 1603, Mary’s son, James VI, succeeded Elizabeth on the throne. He became king of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The kingdoms were finally united under one crown.

Exercise . 1: Fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets to make conditional sentences.

Terry: Hey, Ray. If you have time, can you go and pick up Bridget at the station? If she takes the 4 o’clock train, as she said, she will arrive at 5.15.

Ray: I would pick her up if I could, but I have a meeting at 4.30.

Terry: Can’t you postpone it? You are the boss after all.

Ray: Yes, but I’m meeting some important clients, and it wouldn’t look serious if a few hours before the meeting I told them that I have to put it off. And the meeting is important. I’ll make quite a lot of money if everything goes well. Why don’t you pick her up?

Terry: I would pick her up if my car wasn’t at the garage. It’s been there for days, and unless there’s a miracle, they won’t repaired it today. Something is broken and they won’t be able to fix it until they find the spare part they need.

Ray: That’s unlucky. Well, do you think Bridget will get angry if nobody goes to the station to pick her up?

Terry: Well, if it were me, I wouldn’t get angry.

Exercise 2: Listen to the video, write down the conditional sentences and mention theirr types

If I had – I wouldn’t coplain

If you don’t tell – I’ll keep

If I promise – will you forgive?

If you travelled – I’d feel

If I’d knon I would’ve asked

If I had – I wouldn’t be able

I can’t say – unless I read

If it hadn’t affected – we wouldn’t have heard

I’ll never go unless you take me

stone heap- քարակույտ

clothesline- լվացքի պարան

bare-head- մերկ գլուխ

to soak – թրջել

benna – Արևմտյան հնդկական կալիպսո երաժշտության ձև

bent on- ձգտել

buttonhole- կոճակի անցք

hem- եզրաշերտ

khaki- խակի գույն

to crease- ծալել

okra tree- բամիայի ծառ

harbors -նավահանգիստներ

dasheen- Ասիական տրոպիկալ բույս

itch – քոր

to sweep- ավլել

corner- անկյուն

to spit- թքել

to squat- կծկվել

marbles- մարմարներ

doukona- ուտելիք պատրաստված օսլայից

squeeze- ճզմել

People only have to pay if they onlyuse the bike for more than half a hour.

At more than 1,450 bicycle stations,people can take bikes and leave them.

Some people still use cars to travel across the city.

Politicians think the Velib scheme might help to make the air in Paris cleaner.

If we don’t change the problem of pollution will get bigger.